Exam question 3 · Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct recommended to persons traversing territory inhabited by brown bears?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: persons · What happens: follow, characteris, recommend, traverse, inhabit · To what, where: conduct, persons, territory

This is exam question 3 of lesson 372 «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conduct	det
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 conduct	acl
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 persons	case
13	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 recommended	obl
14	traversing	traverse	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 persons	acl
15	territory	territory	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 traversing	obj
16	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 territory	acl
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 bears	case
18	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 bears	amod
19	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 inhabited	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the conduct		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	recommend	participle		the conduct not said here	persons		vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to person=Recipient
4	traverse	gerund	persons not said here	territory			vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme territory=Co-Theme
5	inhabit	participle		territory not said here		by brown bears	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

One ought to talk or sing so that a bear perceives one's approach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 talk	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 talk	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	4 talk	mark
4	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 sing	cc
6	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 talk	conj
7	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 perceives	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 so	fixed
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bear	det
10	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 perceives	nsubj
11	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 talk	advcl
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 approach	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 one	case
14	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 perceives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	talk	ought	One		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sing speech: express	infinitive	One not said here		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	perceive	present	a bear	one's approach	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer approach=Stimulus
4	approach		one		nom approach «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

One ought to offer food to any bear encountered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 offer	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 offer	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	4 offer	mark
4	offer	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 offer	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 bear	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 bear	det
8	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 offer	obl
9	encountered	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 offer	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	offer	ought	One	food				to any bear goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent food=Theme to bear=Goal
2	encounter	past	One not said here						vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

One ought to proceed in absolute silence so as not to disturb the bears

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 proceed	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 proceed	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	4 proceed	mark
4	proceed	proceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 silence	case
6	absolute	absolute	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 silence	amod
7	silence	silence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 proceed	obl
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 disturb	advmod
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 disturb	mark
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 disturb	advmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 disturb	mark
12	disturb	disturb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 proceed	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bears	det
14	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 disturb	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	proceed	ought	One			absolute silence			vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	not disturb	to-infinitive	One not said here	the bears					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bear=Experiencer

Option 4

One ought to run upon sighting a bear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 run	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 run	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	4 run	mark
4	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	6 sighting	mark
6	sighting	sight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 run	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bear	det
8	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sighting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	ought	One						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	sight	gerund	One not said here	a bear					vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bear=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/e3/