Exam question 1 · Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphin…
Identify the principal reason for which the Ukrainian portion of the Danube delta extends further into the sea with each year.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Ukrainian portion · What happens: identify, extend · To what, where: principal reason, sea
This is exam question 1 of lesson 374 «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 extends | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 portion | det |
| 8 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 portion | amod |
| 9 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 extends | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 delta | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 delta | det |
| 12 | Danube | Danube | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 delta | compound |
| 13 | delta | delta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 portion | nmod |
| 14 | extends | extend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 reason | parataxis |
| 15 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 extends | advmod |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 sea | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 sea | det |
| 18 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 extends | obl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 year | case |
| 20 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 year | det |
| 21 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 extends | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | extend | present | the Ukrainian portion of the Danube delta | the sea | year | for the principal reason; far property | vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into sea=Path |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Sediment transported by the river is deposited at its mouth
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sediment | sediment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 deposited | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | transported | transport | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Sediment | acl |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 river | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 river | det |
| 5 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 transported | obl |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 deposited | aux:pass |
| 7 | deposited | deposit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 mouth | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 10 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 deposited | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | transport | participle | Sediment not said here | by the river | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | deposit | present · passive | Sediment | Sediment's mouth | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at mouth=Destination |
Option 2
Reeds displace sea water by their growth
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reeds | reed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 displace | nsubj |
| 2 | displace | displace | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 water | compound |
| 4 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 displace | obj |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 growth | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 growth | nmod:poss |
| 7 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 displace | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | displace | present | Reeds | sea water | by Reeds's growth | tree rules | |||
| 2 | grow | Reeds = reed | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 3
Sand is deposited there by human labour
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deposited | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 deposited | aux:pass |
| 3 | deposited | deposit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 deposited | advmod |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 labour | case |
| 6 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 labour | amod |
| 7 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deposited | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deposit | present · passive | human labour | Sand | there | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 4
The level of the Black Sea is falling rapidly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 level | det |
| 2 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 falling | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Sea | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Sea | det |
| 5 | Black | Black | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Sea | compound |
| 6 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 level | nmod |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 falling | aux |
| 8 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 8 falling | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present · progressive | the level of the Black Sea | rapidly property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/e1/