Exam question 3 · Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphin…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the deep waters of the Black Sea below approximately two hundred metres?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: deep waters

This is exam question 3 of lesson 374 «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 waters	det
10	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 waters	amod
11	waters	water	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 Sea	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Sea	det
14	Black	Black	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Sea	compound
15	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 waters	nmod
16	below	below	ADV	_	19 hundred	advmod
17	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	19 hundred	advmod
18	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 hundred	compound
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 metres	nummod
20	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl:unmarked
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the deep waters of the Black Sea				of the following statements; hundred metres obl:unmarked; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

They are almost devoid of oxygen, and few organisms besides bacteria inhabit them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 devoid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 devoid	cop
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	4 devoid	advmod
4	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 oxygen	case
6	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 devoid	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 inhabit	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 inhabit	cc
9	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 organisms	amod
10	organisms	organism	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 inhabit	nsubj
11	besides	besides	ADP	_	12 bacteria	case
12	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 organisms	nmod
13	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 devoid	conj
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of oxygen; almost, devoid property	tree rules
2	inhabit	present	few organisms besides bacteria	bacteria = bacterium					tree rules

Option 2

They are inhabited principally by dolphins, porpoises and the larger sturgeon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inhabited	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inhabited	aux:pass
3	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 inhabited	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 dolphins	case
6	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inhabited	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 porpoises	punct
8	porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 dolphins	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sturgeon	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sturgeon	det
11	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 sturgeon	amod
12	sturgeon	sturgeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dolphins	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present · passive	dolphins and porpoises and the larger sturgeon	They				principally property	tree rules

Option 3

They are richer in oxygen than the surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 richer	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 richer	cop
3	richer	rich	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 oxygen	case
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 richer	obl
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 surface	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 surface	det
8	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 richer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They			oxygen		than the surface; rich property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They are frozen throughout the year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 frozen	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 frozen	aux:pass
3	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	6 year	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frozen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present · passive		They			year		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/e3/