Test 9 · ★★ · Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphin…

«sturgeon been around since dinosaurs, so they'll be fine» Why are they in danger now?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: sturgeon, dinosaurs · What happens: be · To what, where: danger · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 374 «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 around	punct
2	sturgeon	sturgeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 around	nsubj
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 around	cop
4	around	around	ADV	_	12 fine	advmod
5	since	since	ADP	_	6 dinosaurs	case
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 around	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fine	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 fine	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 fine	nsubj
10	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 fine	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 fine	cop
12	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 fine	punct
14	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	18 danger	advmod
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 danger	cop
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 danger	nsubj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 danger	case
18	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fine	parataxis
19	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 danger	advmod
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 fine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	participle	sturgeon		since dinosaurs	around property	tree rules
2	is in a quote	future	dinosaurs = dinosaur			fine property	tree rules
3	is	present	dinosaurs = dinosaur	danger	now		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Their hard bony plates fall off when they get old, and they cannot grow new ones

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 plates	nmod:poss
2	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 plates	amod
3	bony	bony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 plates	amod
4	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fall	nsubj
5	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	5 fall	compound:prt
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 get	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 get	nsubj
9	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fall	advcl
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 get	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 grow	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 grow	cc
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 grow	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 grow	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 grow	advmod
16	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 fall	conj
17	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 ones	amod
18	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	fall off	present	Their hard bony plates			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	get	present	plates = plate		old property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	not grow	can	plates = plate	new ones		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location one=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Overfishing for their eggs and meat, and dams blocking their rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Overfishing	overfish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	4 eggs	case
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 eggs	nmod:poss
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Overfishing	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 meat	cc
6	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eggs	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 blocking	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 blocking	cc
9	dams	dam	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 blocking	nsubj
10	blocking	block	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Overfishing	conj
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 rivers	nmod:poss
12	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 blocking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overfish	gerund						for their eggs and meat	tree rules
2	block	gerund	dams	dams's rivers					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer river=Theme

Option 3

They have forgotten how to swim

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 forgotten	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 forgotten	aux
3	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 swim	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 swim	mark
6	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 forgotten	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forget	present · perfect	They						tree rules
2	not swim	to-infinitive	They not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Dinosaurs still eat them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
2	still	still	ADV	_	3 eat	advmod
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Dinosaurs	them = they			still		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/t9/