Exam question 1 · Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime tree…

Identify the principal reason for which a sunflower head ought not to be regarded as a single flower.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, not regard · To what, where: principal reason, sunflower head

This is exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 regarded	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 head	det
8	sunflower	sunflower	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 head	compound
9	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 regarded	nsubj
10	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 regarded	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 regarded	advmod
12	to	to	PART	_	14 regarded	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 regarded	aux:pass
14	regarded	regard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
15	as	as	ADP	_	18 flower	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 flower	det
17	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 flower	amod
18	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 regarded	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not regard	ought · passive	you not said here	a sunflower head				for the principal reason; as a single flower	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a fruit rather than a flower, since it contains a great many seeds

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fruit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fruit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fruit	det
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	8 flower	cc
6	than	than	ADP	_	5 rather	fixed
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 flower	det
8	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fruit	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 contains	punct
10	since	since	SCONJ	_	12 contains	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 contains	nsubj
12	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fruit	parataxis
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 seeds	det
14	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 seeds	amod
15	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 seeds	amod
16	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 contains	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a fruit rather a flower					tree rules
2	contain	present	flower	a great many seeds					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot seed=Theme

Option 2

It is composed of a single enormous petal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 petal	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 petal	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 petal	amod
7	enormous	enormous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 petal	amod
8	petal	petal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of a single enormous petal	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It consists of hundreds or upwards of a thousand minute flowers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 hundreds	case
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consists	obl
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 upwards	cc
6	upwards	upward	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hundreds	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	11 flowers	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 thousand	det
9	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 flowers	nummod
10	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 flowers	compound
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hundreds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of hundreds of thousand minute flowers or upwards	tree rules

Option 4

It is a leaf that has turned yellow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 leaf	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 leaf	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 leaf	det
4	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 turned	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 turned	aux
7	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 leaf	acl:relcl
8	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 turned	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a leaf					tree rules
2	turn	present · perfect	a leaf					yellow property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/e1/