Test 10 · ★★ · China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji…

Why might a dam harm a fish that lives far downstream?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fish · What happens: live

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 379 «China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji, Chinese alligators and sturgeon» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 harm	det
4	dam	dam	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harm	compound
5	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 might	nsubj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fish	det
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harm	conj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 lives	nsubj
9	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fish	acl:relcl
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 downstream	advmod
11	downstream	downstream	ADV	_	9 lives	advmod
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	a fish					downstream property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dams drink all the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dams	dam	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drink	nsubj
2	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 water	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 water	det
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drink	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	Dams	all water					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It blocks the fish from swimming up to where it lays eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 blocks	nsubj
2	blocks	block	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blocks	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 swimming	mark
6	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 blocks	advcl
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 swimming	compound:prt
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 lays	case
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 lays	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 lays	nsubj
11	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 swimming	advcl
12	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lays	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	block	present	It	the fish	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer fish=Theme
2	swim up	gerund			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lay	present	fish	eggs	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Fish are scared of the dam's dark shadow and will not swim anywhere near it

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 scared	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scared	cop
3	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	9 shadow	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dam	det
6	dam	dam	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shadow	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 dam	case
8	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 shadow	amod
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 scared	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 swim	cc
11	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 swim	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 swim	advmod
13	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 scared	conj
14	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	13 swim	advmod
15	near	near	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fish		of the dam's dark shadow; scared property	tree rules
2	not swim	future	Fish not said here	shadow	anywhere property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near it=Trajectory
3	shadow		the dam			nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Dams make the fish forget the way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dams	dam	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 forget	nsubj
5	forget	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 forget	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Dams						tree rules
2	forget	present	the fish	the way					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/379-china-s-great-rivers-the-finless-porpoise-the-lost-baiji-chinese-alligators-and-sturgeon/t10/