Exam question 3 · China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity of rice to grow in flooded fields?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, grow, flood · To what, where: capacity, flooded fields

This is exam question 3 of lesson 380 «China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 capacity	det
10	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 rice	case
12	rice	rice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 capacity	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 grow	mark
14	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 capacity	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 fields	case
16	flooded	flood	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 fields	amod
17	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 grow	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the capacity of rice		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	grow	to-infinitive	the capacity of rice not said here	flooded fields		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location
4	flood	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It requires no air whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 air	det
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 requires	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	It	no air				whatsoever property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme air=Precondition

Option 2

It extracts oxygen from water by means of gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 extracts	nsubj
2	extracts	extract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 extracts	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 extracts	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 means	case
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 extracts	parataxis
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 gills	case
9	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extract	present	It	oxygen		water			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from water=Initial_Location
2	mean	present						of gills	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It floats upon the surface of the water, its roots suspended beneath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 floats	nsubj
2	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 surface	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 surface	det
5	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 floats	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 surface	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 roots	punct
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 roots	nmod:poss
11	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 floats	obl
12	suspended	suspend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 roots	acl
13	beneath	beneath	ADV	_	12 suspended	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	It	water's roots		the surface of the water			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon surface=Trajectory
2	suspend	participle		water's roots not said here				beneath property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its stems contain air channels which convey air to the roots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 stems	nmod:poss
2	stems	stem	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	nsubj
3	contain	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 channels	compound
5	channels	channel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	obj
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 convey	nsubj
7	convey	convey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 channels	acl:relcl
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 convey	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 roots	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 roots	det
11	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 convey	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	contain	present	Its stems	air channels		vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot channel=Theme
2	convey	present	air channels	air	the roots	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent air=Topic to root=Recipient
3	stem		Its = it			nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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