Test 10 · ★ · Giant reptiles of the past: Titanoboa, Sarcosuchus, Deinos…

«turtles had horns? u lying» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: u · What happens: lie, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 383 «Giant reptiles of the past: Titanoboa, Sarcosuchus, Deinosuchus and giant tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct
2	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 lying	aux
4	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct
6	u	you	PRON	Abbr=Yes Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 lying	nsubj
7	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 lying	punct
9	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 right	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 right	cop
11	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lying	parataxis
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 lying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie in a quote	past	u						tree rules
2	is	present						right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

All turtles have horns today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 turtles	det
2	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	all turtles	horns			today		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient

Option 2

Turtles never had anything like horns at all, ever, in history

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 had	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 horns	case
6	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 anything	nmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 anything	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ever	punct
10	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 had	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 history	punct
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 history	case
13	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not have	past	Turtles	anything		all	ever	like horns; in history	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Some Stupendemys shells were reported to have two horns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 shells	det
2	Stupendemys	Stupendemys	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 shells	compound
3	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reported	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 reported	aux:pass
5	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 have	mark
7	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 reported	xcomp
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 horns	nummod
9	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	past · passive		some Stupendemys shells					vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	have	to-infinitive		two horns					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient

Option 4

Only sea turtles have horns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 turtles	advmod
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turtles	compound
3	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	sea turtles	horns					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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