Test 7 · Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant… In the Madagascar cartoon films King Julien is a lively little lemur. A friend says all lemurs were always small. What is right?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: King, friend, lemurs · What happens: be, say · To what, where: lively little lemur, Madagascar cartoon films · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 of lesson 386 «Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant lemurs and elephant birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: In the Madagascar cartoon films King Julien is a lively little lemur.
case det compound compound obl nsubj flat cop det amod amod punct root In ADP the DET Madagascar PROPN cartoon NOUN films NOUN King PROPN Julien PROPN is AUX a DET lively ADJ little ADJ lemur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 5 films case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 films det 3 Madagascar Madagascar PROPN Number=Sing 5 films compound 4 cartoon cartoon NOUN Number=Sing 5 films compound 5 films film NOUN Number=Plur 12 lemur obl 6 King King PROPN Number=Sing 12 lemur nsubj 7 Julien Julien PROPN Number=Sing 6 King flat 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 lemur cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 lemur det 10 lively lively ADJ Degree=Pos 12 lemur amod 11 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 12 lemur amod 12 lemur lemur NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 lemur punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present King a lively little lemur the Madagascar cartoon films tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A friend says all lemurs were always small.
det nsubj det nsubj cop advmod ccomp punct root A DET friend NOUN says VERB all DET lemurs NOUN were AUX always ADV small ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 lemurs det 5 lemurs lemur NOUN Number=Plur 8 small nsubj 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 small cop 7 always always ADV PronType=Tot 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 says ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a friend vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past all lemurs always, small property tree rules
Sentence 3: What is right?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 Lemurs were never bigger than a cat
nsubj cop advmod case det obl root Lemurs NOUN were AUX never ADV bigger ADJ than ADP a DET cat NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lemurs lemur NOUN Number=Plur 4 bigger nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 bigger cop 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 bigger advmod 4 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 7 cat case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cat det 7 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 bigger obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is past Lemurs than a cat; big property tree rules
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Lemurs are a kind of squirrel
nsubj cop det case nmod root Lemurs NOUN are AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP squirrel NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lemurs lemur NOUN Number=Plur 4 kind nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 squirrel case 6 squirrel squirrel NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lemurs a kind of squirrel tree rules
Option 3 Giant lemurs still live in every zoo in Madagascar and in Europe
amod nsubj advmod case det obl case nmod cc case conj root Giant ADJ lemurs NOUN still ADV live VERB in ADP every DET zoo NOUN in ADP Madagascar PROPN and CCONJ in ADP Europe PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 2 lemurs amod 2 lemurs lemur NOUN Number=Plur 4 live nsubj 3 still still ADV _ 4 live advmod 4 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 zoo case 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 zoo det 7 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 4 live obl 8 in in ADP _ 9 Madagascar case 9 Madagascar Madagascar PROPN Number=Sing 7 zoo nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 Europe cc 11 in in ADP _ 12 Europe case 12 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 9 Madagascar conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Giant lemurs every zoo in Madagascar and Europe still vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in zoo=Location
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Some long-gone lemurs were as heavy as a grown man or heavier
det amod punct amod nsubj cop advmod case det amod obl cc conj root Some DET long ADJ - PUNCT gone ADJ lemurs NOUN were AUX as ADV heavy ADJ as ADP a DET grown VERB man NOUN or CCONJ heavier ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 5 lemurs det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 4 gone amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 long punct 4 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 5 lemurs amod 5 lemurs lemur NOUN Number=Plur 8 heavy nsubj 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 heavy cop 7 as as ADV _ 8 heavy advmod 8 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 as as ADP _ 12 man case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 man det 11 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 man amod 12 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 heavy obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 heavier cc 14 heavier heavy ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 man conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past some gone lemurs as a grown man; heavy property tree rules 2 grow participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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