Exam question 3 · Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and A…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the washing of sweet potatoes by Japanese macaques.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, wash · To what, where: response, washing, sweet potatoes

This is exam question 3 of lesson 387 «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 washing	det
11	washing	washing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 potatoes	case
13	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 potatoes	amod
14	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 washing	nmod
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 macaques	case
16	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 macaques	amod
17	macaques	macaque	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the washing of sweet potatoes	by Japanese macaques	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus washing=Experiencer
4	wash			sweet potatoes		nom washing «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is an innate behaviour of all monkeys

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 behaviour	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 behaviour	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 behaviour	det
4	innate	innate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 behaviour	amod
5	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 monkeys	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 monkeys	det
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 behaviour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a innate behaviour				of all monkeys	tree rules

Option 2

It was instilled in each individual by human keepers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 instilled	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 instilled	aux:pass
3	instilled	instil	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 individual	case
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 individual	det
6	individual	individual	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instilled	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 keepers	case
8	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 keepers	amod
9	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 instilled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instil	past · passive	human keepers	It		each individual			tree rules

Option 3

It was observed exclusively in a laboratory

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 observed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 observed	aux:pass
3	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 observed	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 laboratory	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 laboratory	det
7	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 observed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	past · passive		It		a laboratory		exclusively property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The habit began with one young female and spread through the troop by imitation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 habit	det
2	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	nsubj
3	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 female	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 female	nummod
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 female	amod
7	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 spread	cc
9	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 began	conj
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 troop	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 troop	det
12	troop	troop	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spread	obl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 imitation	case
14	imitation	imitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spread	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past	the habit					with one young female	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with female=Subeventuality
2	spread	past	the habit not said here			the troop		by imitation	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through troop=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/e3/