Test 10 · ★★ · Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughin…

«a fish smashing a clam isn't using a tool, it's just being strong» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fish, it, best answer · What happens: smash, not use, be · To what, where: clam, tool · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 388 «Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 using	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 fish	det
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 using	nsubj
4	smashing	smash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 fish	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 clam	det
6	clam	clam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 smashing	obj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 using	aux
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 using	advmod
9	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 strong	csubj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tool	det
11	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 using	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 using	punct
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 strong	nsubj
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 strong	cop
15	just	just	ADV	_	17 strong	advmod
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 strong	cop
17	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 strong	punct
19	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 strong	ccomp
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 What	cop
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 answer	det
22	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 answer	amod
23	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 What	nsubj
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	17 strong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	smash in a quote	gerund	a fish not said here	a clam		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clam=Theme
2	not use in a quote	present · progressive	a fish	a tool		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient
3	is in a quote	present	it		strong property	tree rules
4	is a	present	the best answer			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It uses the rock as an anvil to do what it could not alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rock	det
4	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 anvil	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 anvil	det
7	anvil	anvil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 do	mark
9	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 uses	advcl
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 do	obj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 could	nsubj
12	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 what	acl:relcl
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 alone	advmod
14	alone	alone	ADV	_	9 do	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	It	the rock				as a anvil	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent rock=Duration as anvil=Attribute
2	do	to-infinitive						alone property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

Option 2

The clam breaks itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clam	det
2	clam	clam	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breaks	nsubj
3	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 breaks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present	the clam	clam					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer itself=Patient

Option 3

Fish cannot hold anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hold	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 hold	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 hold	advmod
4	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 hold	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hold	can	Fish	anything					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, it only uses its strength, so it is not a tool at all

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 uses	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 uses	nsubj
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 uses	advmod
5	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 strength	nmod:poss
7	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 uses	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 tool	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 tool	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 tool	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tool	cop
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 tool	advmod
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 tool	det
14	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 uses	obl
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 all	case
16	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 tool	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	it	its strength					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Patient
2	not is a	present	strength	a tool		all			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs/t10/