Exam question 2 · How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, dr…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the technique of time-lapse photography?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: technique

This is exam question 2 of lesson 394 «How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, drones and years of waiting» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 technique	det
10	technique	technique	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 photography	case
12	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lapse	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 time	punct
14	lapse	lapse	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 photography	compound
15	photography	photography	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 technique	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the technique of lapse photography				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Pictures are taken solely in the absence of light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 taken	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 taken	aux:pass
3	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 taken	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 absence	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 absence	det
7	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taken	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 light	case
9	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present · passive		Pictures		the absence of light		solely property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in absence=Location
2	absent			light					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

A single picture is displayed for a prolonged period

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 picture	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 picture	amod
3	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 displayed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 displayed	aux:pass
5	displayed	display	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	9 period	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 period	det
8	prolonged	prolong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 period	amod
9	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 displayed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	display	present · passive		a single picture				for a prolonged period	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	prolong	participle							vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Pictures are taken at intervals over a prolonged period and subsequently displayed in rapid succession

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 taken	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 taken	aux:pass
3	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 intervals	case
5	intervals	interval	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 taken	obl
6	over	over	ADP	_	9 period	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 period	det
8	prolonged	prolong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 period	amod
9	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taken	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 displayed	cc
11	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	12 displayed	advmod
12	displayed	display	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 taken	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 succession	case
14	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 succession	amod
15	succession	succession	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 displayed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	take	present · passive	Pictures	intervals	over a prolonged period	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at interval=Asset
2	prolong	participle				vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
3	display	past		rapid succession	subsequently property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Thousands of pictures are taken each second and are subsequently displayed at a greatly reduced speed

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 taken	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 pictures	case
3	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Thousands	nmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 taken	aux:pass
5	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 second	det
7	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 taken	obl:unmarked
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 displayed	cc
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 displayed	aux:pass
10	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	11 displayed	advmod
11	displayed	display	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 taken	conj
12	at	at	ADP	_	16 speed	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 speed	det
14	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	15 reduced	advmod
15	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 speed	amod
16	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 displayed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present · passive	Thousands of pictures		second		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	display	present · passive		a reduced speed		subsequently property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»
3	reduce	participle				greatly property	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/394-how-nature-documentaries-are-made-hides-camera-traps-drones-and-years-of-waiting/e2/