Exam question 3 · Cartoon animals put right: Scooby-Doo, Garfield, Sonic, Wi…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the defensive behaviour of the hedgehog.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, defensive behaviour

This is exam question 3 of lesson 396 «Cartoon animals put right: Scooby-Doo, Garfield, Sonic, Winnie the Pooh and Woody Woodpecker» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 behaviour	det
11	defensive	defensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 behaviour	amod
12	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 hedgehog	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hedgehog	det
15	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 behaviour	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the defensive behaviour of the hedgehog		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus behaviour=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It escapes by running faster than any predator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 escapes	nsubj
2	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 running	mark
4	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 escapes	advcl
5	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 running	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 predator	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 predator	det
8	predator	predator	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 running	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	present	It						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	run	gerund						than any predator; fast property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It rolls itself into a ball so that its spines protect it from attack

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rolls	nsubj
2	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 rolls	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 ball	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rolls	obl
7	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 protect	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 protect	mark
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 spines	nmod:poss
10	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 protect	nsubj
11	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rolls	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 protect	obj
13	from	from	ADP	_	14 attack	case
14	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 protect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present	It	itself = it		a ball			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent itself=Theme into ball=Trajectory
2	protect	present	ball's spines	ball				from attack	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary from attack=Theme

Option 3

It discharges its spines towards its enemies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 discharges	nsubj
2	discharges	discharge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 spines	nmod:poss
4	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 discharges	obj
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 enemies	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 enemies	nmod:poss
7	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 discharges	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discharge	present	It	its spines				towards its enemies	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Theme

Option 4

It rolls itself into a ball in order to assault its enemies at considerable speed

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rolls	nsubj
2	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 rolls	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 ball	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rolls	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 order	case
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rolls	obl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 assault	mark
10	assault	assault	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 rolls	advcl
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 enemies	nmod:poss
12	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 assault	obj
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 speed	case
14	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 speed	amod
15	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 assault	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present	It	itself = it		a ball		in order	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent itself=Patient into ball=Recipient in order=Topic
2	assault	to-infinitive		order's enemies		considerable speed			vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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