Exam question 1 · Pests: mice in the kitchen, cockroaches, clothes moths, fl…
Identify the principal reason for which house mice are able to gnaw through a wide variety of materials, including electrical wires.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, house mice · What happens: identify, be, gnaw · To what, where: principal reason, wide variety
This is exam question 1 of lesson 397 «Pests: mice in the kitchen, cockroaches, clothes moths, fleas and head lice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 able | obl |
| 7 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mice | compound |
| 8 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 able | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 able | cop |
| 10 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | acl |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 gnaw | mark |
| 12 | gnaw | gnaw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 able | xcomp |
| 13 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 variety | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 variety | det |
| 15 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 variety | amod |
| 16 | variety | variety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gnaw | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 materials | case |
| 18 | materials | material | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 variety | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 wires | punct |
| 20 | including | including | ADP | _ | 22 wires | case |
| 21 | electrical | electrical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 wires | amod |
| 22 | wires | wire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 materials | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | house mice | for the principal reason; able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | gnaw | to-infinitive | house mice not said here | a wide variety of materials and electrical wires | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Their saliva contains a substance which dissolves plastic and copper
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 saliva | nmod:poss |
| 2 | saliva | saliva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 contains | nsubj |
| 3 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 substance | det |
| 5 | substance | substance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 contains | obj |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 dissolves | nsubj |
| 7 | dissolves | dissolve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 substance | acl:relcl |
| 8 | plastic | plastic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dissolves | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 copper | cc |
| 10 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 plastic | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | present | Their saliva | a substance | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot substance=Theme | ||||
| 2 | dissolve | present | a substance | plastic and copper | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plastic=Patient |
Option 2
They possess an exceptional number of teeth
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 possess | nsubj |
| 2 | possess | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 number | det |
| 4 | exceptional | exceptional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 number | amod |
| 5 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 possess | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 teeth | case |
| 7 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 number | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess | present | They | a exceptional number of teeth | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot number=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Their teeth grow continuously throughout their lives
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 2 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | continuously | continuously | ADV | _ | 3 grow | advmod |
| 5 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 7 lives | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 lives | nmod:poss |
| 7 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Their teeth | teeth's lives | continuously property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout life=Location |
Option 4
Their teeth are composed of metal
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 2 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 composed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 composed | aux:pass |
| 4 | composed | compose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 metal | case |
| 6 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 composed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | compose | present · passive | Their teeth | of metal | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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