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Exam question 3 · Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails

It is asserted that a certain centipede possesses precisely one hundred legs. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: certain centipede, you · What happens: assert, possess, select, establish · To what, where: It, hundred legs, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 40 «Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is asserted that a certain centipede possesses precisely one hundred legs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asserted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	aux:pass
3	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 possesses	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 centipede	det
6	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 centipede	amod
7	centipede	centipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possesses	nsubj
8	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	advcl
9	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	11 hundred	advmod
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 hundred	compound
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 legs	nummod
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 possesses	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asserted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive		It					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	possess	present	a certain centipede	hundred legs					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leg=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The assertion is true of the young only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 young	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 young	det
7	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	7 young	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of the young; true property	tree rules

Option 2

The assertion is true of all centipedes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 centipedes	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 centipedes	det
7	centipedes	centipede	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of all centipedes; true property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The assertion is false, the number of leg pairs being invariably odd

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 false	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 false	cop
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 number	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 number	det
7	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 false	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 pairs	case
9	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pairs	compound
10	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 number	nmod
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 odd	cop
12	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	13 odd	advmod
13	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 pairs	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					false property	tree rules
2	is	gerund	leg pairs not said here					invariably, odd property	tree rules

Option 4

The assertion is true of garden centipedes only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 centipedes	case
6	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 centipedes	compound
7	centipedes	centipede	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	7 centipedes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of garden centipedes; true property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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