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Test 8 · Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails

Your cousin says the woodlouse under the stone is an insect. How does counting legs settle it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, woodlouse · What happens: say, be, count, settle · To what, where: insect, legs, woodlouse · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 40 «Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin says the woodlouse under the stone is an insect.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 woodlouse	det
5	woodlouse	woodlouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 insect	nsubj
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 stone	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stone	det
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 woodlouse	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 insect	cop
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 insect	det
11	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the woodlouse under the stone	a insect					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How does counting legs settle it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 counting	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 counting	aux
3	counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 counting	obj
5	settle	settle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 counting	xcomp
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 settle	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 counting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present · do-support		legs					vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent leg=Theme clause=Attribute
2	settle	infinitive		woodlouse					vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme it=Location

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It has no legs, so it is a worm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 legs	det
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 worm	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 worm	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 worm	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 worm	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 worm	det
10	worm	worm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no legs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
2	is a	present	it	a worm					tree rules

Option 2

It has 6 legs, so it is an insect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 legs	nummod
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 insect	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 insect	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 insect	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 insect	cop
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 insect	det
10	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	6 legs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
2	is a	present	it	a insect					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It has 14 legs, so it is not an insect but a crustacean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	14	14	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 legs	nummod
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 insect	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	11 insect	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 insect	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 insect	cop
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 insect	advmod
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 insect	det
11	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	conj
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 crustacean	cc
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 crustacean	det
14	crustacean	crustacean	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 insect	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	14 legs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
2	not is a	present	it	a insect but a crustacean					tree rules

Option 4

It has 8 legs, so it is a spider

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 legs	nummod
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 spider	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 spider	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 spider	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 spider	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 spider	det
10	spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	8 legs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
2	is a	present	it	a spider					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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