Exam question 1 · The real animals of Wonderland: the dodo, the dormouse, th…

Identify the principal reason for which the dodo was exterminated within a short period of human contact.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, exterminate · To what, where: principal reason, dodo

This is exam question 1 of lesson 401 «The real animals of Wonderland: the dodo, the dormouse, the March hare, flamingos and hedgehogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 exterminated	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dodo	det
8	dodo	dodo	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 exterminated	nsubj:pass
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 exterminated	aux:pass
10	exterminated	exterminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	within	within	ADP	_	14 period	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 period	det
13	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 period	amod
14	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 exterminated	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 contact	case
16	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 contact	amod
17	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 period	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	exterminate	past · passive		the dodo				for the principal reason; within a short period of human contact	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was hunted for its feathers, which were greatly prized for the decoration of ladies' hats in Paris and London

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hunted	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hunted	aux:pass
3	hunted	hunt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 feathers	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feathers	nmod:poss
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunted	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 prized	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 prized	nsubj:pass
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 prized	aux:pass
10	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	11 prized	advmod
11	prized	prize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 feathers	acl
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 decoration	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 decoration	det
14	decoration	decoration	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 prized	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 hats	case
16	ladies	lady	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hats	nmod:poss
17	'	's	PART	_	16 ladies	case
18	hats	hat	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 decoration	nmod
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Paris	case
20	Paris	Paris	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 hats	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 London	cc
22	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Paris	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	past · passive		It				for its feathers	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for feather=Theme
2	prize	past · passive		its feathers				for the decoration of ladies's hats in Paris and London; greatly property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus for decoration=Attribute

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It had evolved without predators and possessed no fear of humans or of the animals they introduced

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 evolved	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 evolved	aux
3	evolved	evolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 predators	case
5	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 evolved	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 possessed	cc
7	possessed	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 evolved	conj
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 fear	det
9	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessed	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 humans	case
11	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fear	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 animals	cc
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 animals	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 animals	det
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fear	conj
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 introduced	nsubj
17	introduced	introduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 animals	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	evolve	past · perfect · passive		It	without predators	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	possess	past		no fear of humans or the animals		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fear=Theme
3	introduce	past	fear	the animals not said here		vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient
4	fear			humans		nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It consumed a poisonous plant brought by the sailors and perished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumed	nsubj
2	consumed	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plant	det
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 plant	amod
5	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumed	obj
6	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 plant	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 sailors	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sailors	det
9	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 brought	obl:agent
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 perished	cc
11	perished	perish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 brought	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	consume	past	It	a poisonous plant	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Asset
2	bring	participle		a poisonous plant not said here	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent
3	perish	participle			vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

It was unable to survive the cold winters that followed the arrival of ships

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 unable	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	cop
3	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 survive	mark
5	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unable	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 winters	det
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 winters	amod
8	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 survive	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 followed	nsubj
10	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 winters	acl:relcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 arrival	det
12	arrival	arrival	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 followed	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 ships	case
14	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 arrival	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It			unable property	tree rules
2	survive	to-infinitive			winter		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	follow	past	the cold winters	the arrival of ships			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrival=Theme
4	arrive		ships				nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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