Exam question 4 · The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mo…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the otter and the mayfly?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 4 of lesson 403 «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 otter	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 otter	det
13	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 mayfly	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 mayfly	det
16	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship and the mayfly				of the following statements; between the otter; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The mayfly feeds upon young otters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mayfly	det
2	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feeds	nsubj
3	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 otters	case
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 otters	amod
6	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	the mayfly					upon young otters	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The mayfly and the otter share a burrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mayfly	det
2	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 share	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 otter	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 otter	det
5	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mayfly	conj
6	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 burrow	det
8	burrow	burrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 share	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present	the mayfly and the otter	a burrow					tree rules

Option 3

The otter consumes the mayfly as its principal food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 otter	det
2	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumes	nsubj
3	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mayfly	det
5	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumes	obj
6	as	as	ADP	_	9 food	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 food	nmod:poss
8	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 food	amod
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	the otter	the mayfly				as otter's principal food	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mayfly=Asset

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The otter feeds chiefly upon fish; it is trout that rise to take the mayfly

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 otter	det
2	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feeds	nsubj
3	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	3 feeds	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 fish	case
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feeds	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 trout	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 trout	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 trout	cop
10	trout	trout	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feeds	parataxis
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 rise	nsubj
12	rise	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 trout	acl:relcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 take	mark
14	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 rise	xcomp
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 mayfly	det
16	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	feed	present	the otter		upon fish; chiefly property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	otter	trout		tree rules
3	rise	present	trout			tree rules
4	take	to-infinitive	trout not said here	the mayfly		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mayfly=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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