Test 4 · ★★ · The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mo…

«grandad dug up a mole's nest and found loads of worms with no heads, gross. why?» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: grandad, best answer · What happens: dig up, find, be · To what, where: nest, loads

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 403 «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «grandad dug up a mole's nest and found loads of worms with no heads, gross. why?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 dug	punct
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dug	nsubj
3	dug	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 dug	compound:prt
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 mole	det
6	mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nest	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 mole	case
8	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dug	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 found	cc
10	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dug	conj
11	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 worms	case
13	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 loads	nmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 heads	case
15	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 heads	det
16	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 gross	punct
18	gross	gross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 heads	amod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dug	punct
20	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 dug	advmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 dug	punct
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 dug	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig up in a quote	past	grandad	a mole's nest					vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nest=Theme
2	find in a quote	past	grandad not said here	loads of worms				with no heads	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best answer						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Worms grow without heads when they live too close to moles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 heads	case
4	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	obl
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 live	advmod
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 live	nsubj
7	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grow	advcl
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 close	advmod
9	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 live	advmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 moles	case
11	moles	mole	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 close	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Worms					without heads	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	live	present	Worms = worm						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Moles bite worms' heads so they stay alive in a larder but cannot crawl off

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moles	mole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bite	nsubj
2	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 heads	nmod:poss
4	'	's	PART	_	3 worms	case
5	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bite	obj
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 stay	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 stay	nsubj
8	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bite	advcl
9	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stay	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 larder	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 larder	det
12	larder	larder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 alive	obl
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 crawl	cc
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 crawl	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 crawl	advmod
16	crawl	crawl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 bite	conj
17	off	off	ADP	_	16 crawl	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bite	present	Moles	worms's heads		vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient
2	stay	present	Moles = mole		alive property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not crawl off	can	Moles not said here			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The worms lost their heads in the cold winter frost, which bites off the soft parts

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 worms	det
2	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lost	nsubj
3	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 heads	nmod:poss
5	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lost	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	10 frost	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 frost	det
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 frost	amod
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 frost	compound
10	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bites	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 bites	nsubj
13	bites	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 frost	acl:relcl
14	off	off	ADP	_	17 parts	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 parts	det
16	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 parts	amod
17	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 bites	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	past	the worms	worms's heads		the cold winter frost			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Eventuality
2	bite off	present	the cold winter frost	the soft parts					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient

Option 4

Grandad's spade must have cut every single one of them in half

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 spade	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Grandad	case
3	spade	spade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cut	nsubj:pass
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 cut	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 cut	aux
6	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 one	det
8	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 one	amod
9	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cut	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 them	case
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 one	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 half	case
13	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	6 cut	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	must · perfect · passive		Grandad's spade		half			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary one=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/t4/