Exam question 1 · The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel,…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the feeding apparatus of the blue whale?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, feed · To what, where: feeding apparatus

This is exam question 1 of lesson 404 «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 apparatus	det
10	feeding	feed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 apparatus	amod
11	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 whale	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 whale	det
14	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 whale	amod
15	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 apparatus	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the feeding apparatus of the blue whale	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	feed	gerund			vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It possesses a gullet capable of admitting a seafarer entire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 gullet	det
4	gullet	gullet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj
5	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 possesses	xcomp
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 admitting	mark
7	admitting	admit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 capable	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 seafarer	det
9	seafarer	seafarer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 admitting	obj
10	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 admitting	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	a gullet				capable property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gullet=Theme
2	admit speech: other	gerund		a seafarer				entire property	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seafarer=Theme

Option 2

It possesses large teeth, by which seals and penguins are seized

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 teeth	amod
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 seized	punct
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 seized	obl
8	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 seized	nsubj:pass
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 penguins	cc
10	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 seals	conj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 seized	aux:pass
12	seized	seize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 possesses	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	large teeth					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tooth=Theme
2	seize	present · passive		seals and penguins					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It possesses baleen plates, by which minute krill are strained from the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	baleen	baleen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 plates	compound
4	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 strained	punct
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 strained	obl
8	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 krill	compound
9	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 strained	nsubj:pass
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 strained	aux:pass
11	strained	strain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 possesses	parataxis
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 water	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 water	det
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 strained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	baleen plates					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot plate=Theme
2	strain	present · passive		minute krill		the water			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from water=Source

Option 4

It possesses a sticky tongue, by which fish are captured singly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tongue	det
4	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tongue	amod
5	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 captured	punct
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 captured	obl
9	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 captured	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 captured	aux:pass
11	captured	capture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 possesses	parataxis
12	singly	singly	ADV	_	11 captured	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	a sticky tongue					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tongue=Theme
2	capture	present · passive		fish				singly property	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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