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Test 7 · ★★ · The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel,…

★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before. What does this prove?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ★ ★ Dingoes, kangaroos · What happens: come, hop, prove · To what, where: Australia, millions

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 404 «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Dingoes	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Dingoes	compound
3	Dingoes	dingo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 Australia	case
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 came	obl
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 thousands	det
8	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 ago	obl:unmarked
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 years	case
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 thousands	nmod
11	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 came	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 hopping	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 hopping	cc
14	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hopping	nsubj
15	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 hopping	aux
16	hopping	hop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 came	advcl
17	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hopping	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 years	case
19	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 millions	nmod
20	before	before	ADV	_	16 hopping	advmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	★ ★ Dingoes			Australia		ago property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to australia=Initial_Location
2	hop	past · progressive	kangaroos	millions of years				before property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this prove?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 prove	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prove	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 prove	nsubj
4	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 prove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · do-support							vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Dingo cannot have given the Kangaroo its long legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Dingo	det
2	Dingo	Dingo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 given	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 given	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 given	advmod
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 given	aux
6	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Kangaroo	det
8	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 given	iobj
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 legs	nmod:poss
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 legs	amod
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 given	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not give	can · perfect	the Dingo	Dingo's long legs	the Kangaroo				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent kangaroo=Recipient leg=Theme

Option 2

Kangaroos once had short legs a few thousand years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
2	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 legs	amod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 years	det
7	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 thousand	amod
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obl:unmarked
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	9 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Kangaroos	short legs			year	once property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Option 3

Dingoes must be older than kangaroos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dingoes	dingo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 older	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 older	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 older	cop
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 kangaroos	case
6	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 older	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	Dingoes					than kangaroos; old property	tree rules

Option 4

Kangaroos were taught to hop by people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 taught	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 taught	aux:pass
3	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 hop	mark
5	hop	hop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 taught	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	past · passive		Kangaroos					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	hop	to-infinitive	Kangaroos not said here					by people	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by people=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/t7/