Exam question 2 · The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs

Identify the principal means whereby the platypus locates its prey beneath the water.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal, platypus · What happens: identify, mean, locate · To what, where: prey

This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principal	det
3	principal	principal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	acl:relcl
5	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	8 locates	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 platypus	det
7	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 locates	nsubj
8	locates	locate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 means	advcl
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 prey	nmod:poss
10	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 locates	obj
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	13 water	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 water	det
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 locates	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	mean	present	the principal			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	locate	present	the platypus	platypus's prey	beneath the water; whereby property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Sensors within the bill which detect movement and faint electrical activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sensors	sensor	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	within	within	ADP	_	4 bill	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bill	det
4	bill	bill	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sensors	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 detect	nsubj
6	detect	detect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bill	acl:relcl
7	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 detect	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 activity	cc
9	faint	faint	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 activity	amod
10	electrical	electrical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 activity	amod
11	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 movement	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	detect	present	the bill	movement and faint electrical activity					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer movement=Stimulus

Option 2

Hearing, the ears remaining open throughout the entire course of the dive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 ears	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ears	det
4	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Hearing	conj
5	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 ears	acl
6	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 remaining	xcomp
7	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	10 course	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 course	det
9	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 course	amod
10	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 remaining	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 dive	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dive	det
13	dive	dive	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	gerund	the ears not said here			the entire course of the dive		open property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout course=Location

Option 3

Acute vision, the eyes remaining open throughout the dive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Acute	acute	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 vision	amod
2	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 eyes	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eyes	det
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 vision	conj
6	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 eyes	acl
7	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 remaining	xcomp
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	10 dive	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dive	det
10	dive	dive	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 remaining	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	gerund	the eyes not said here			the dive		open property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout dive=Location

Option 4

Echolocation in the manner of the bat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 manner	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 manner	det
4	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Echolocation	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 bat	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bat	det
7	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 manner	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/e2/