Test 11 · The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs

A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals. How are their babies different?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: kangaroo, babies · What happens: be · To what, where: both mammals

This is test 11 of lesson 43 «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kangaroo	det
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mammals	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 platypus	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 platypus	det
5	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kangaroo	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mammals	cop
7	both	both	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 mammals	amod
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 mammals	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a kangaroo and a platypus	both mammals					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How are their babies different?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 different	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 different	cop
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 babies	nmod:poss
4	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 different	nsubj
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 different	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	mammals's babies					different property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

A kangaroo lays eggs in a pouch, and a platypus has live babies in a burrow

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kangaroo	det
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	nsubj
3	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lays	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 pouch	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pouch	det
7	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 has	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 has	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 platypus	det
11	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 has	nsubj
12	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lays	conj
13	live	live	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 babies	amod
14	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 has	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 burrow	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 burrow	det
17	burrow	burrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 babies	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a kangaroo	eggs		a pouch			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pouch=Destination
2	have	present	a platypus	live babies		a burrow			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient

Option 2

Both give birth to big live babies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 give	nsubj
2	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 give	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 babies	case
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 babies	amod
6	live	live	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 babies	amod
7	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 give	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Both	birth	big live babies				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient

Option 3

Both lay eggs in a pouch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 lay	nsubj
2	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lay	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 pouch	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pouch	det
6	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	Both	eggs		a pouch			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pouch=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby, a platypus lays eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kangaroo	det
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	9 baby	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 baby	det
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 baby	amod
8	live	live	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 baby	amod
9	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 lays	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 platypus	det
12	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lays	nsubj
13	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 gives	conj
14	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 lays	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	a kangaroo	birth	a tiny live baby				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient
2	lay	present	a platypus	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/t11/