Exam question 3 · The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the vision of the mantis shrimp.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, vision

This is exam question 3 of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 vision	det
11	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 shrimp	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 shrimp	det
14	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 shrimp	compound
15	shrimp	shrimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 vision	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the vision of the mantis shrimp		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus vision=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Despite its many light sensors, it distinguishes close colours less well than humans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Despite	despite	ADP	_	5 sensors	case
2	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 sensors	nmod:poss
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sensors	amod
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sensors	compound
5	sensors	sensor	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 distinguishes	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 sensors	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 distinguishes	nsubj
8	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 colours	amod
10	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 distinguishes	obj
11	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 well	advmod
12	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 distinguishes	advmod
13	than	than	ADP	_	14 humans	case
14	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 well	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	distinguish	present	it	close colours				despite its many light sensors; well property	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Attribute colour=Theme

Option 2

It is entirely without the capacity for colour vision

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 capacity	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 capacity	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 capacity	advmod
4	without	without	ADP	_	6 capacity	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 capacity	det
6	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 vision	case
8	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 vision	compound
9	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 capacity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					without the capacity; for colour vision; entirely property	tree rules

Option 3

It possesses precisely the same three types of colour sensor as humans, and no more

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	2 possesses	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 types	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 types	amod
6	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 types	nummod
7	types	type	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 sensor	case
9	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sensor	compound
10	sensor	sensor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 types	nmod
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 humans	case
12	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 sensor	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 more	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 more	cc
15	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 more	det
16	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 possesses	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	the same three types of colour sensor as humans				precisely property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot type=Theme
2	type			colour sensor as humans					nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It perceives a far greater number of colours than any other animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 perceives	nsubj
2	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 number	det
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 greater	advmod
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 number	amod
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 perceives	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 colours	case
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 number	nmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	12 animal	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 animal	det
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 animal	amod
12	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	It	a greater number of colours than any other animal					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer number=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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