Exam question 1 · Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of photosynthesis?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, process · To what, where: process, photosynthesis

This is exam question 1 of lesson 46 «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 process	det
10	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 photosynthesis	case
12	photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 process	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the process of photosynthesis	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	process		photosynthesis		nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The making by plants of food from water and carbon dioxide by sunlight, releasing oxygen

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 making	det
2	making	making	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 plants	case
4	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 making	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 plants	nmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 food	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 dioxide	cc
10	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dioxide	compound
11	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 food	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 sunlight	case
13	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 making	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 releasing	punct
15	releasing	release	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 making	acl
16	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 releasing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	release	gerund	the making by plants of food from water and carbon dioxide by sunlight not said here	oxygen					vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer oxygen=Source
2	make		plants of food from water and carbon dioxide						nom making «act intransitive»: by=agent

Option 2

The absorption by plants of food already present in the soil, by means of the roots

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absorption	det
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 means	nsubj
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 plants	case
4	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 absorption	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 plants	nmod
7	already	already	ADV	_	8 present	advmod
8	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 food	amod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 soil	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 soil	det
11	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 present	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 means	punct
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 means	case
14	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 roots	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 roots	det
17	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the absorption by plants of food					of the roots	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	absorb		plants of food						nom absorption «process transitive»: by=agent

Option 3

The conversion by plants of oxygen into soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conversion	det
2	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 plants	case
4	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 conversion	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 oxygen	case
6	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 plants	nmod
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 soil	case
8	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conversion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert		plants of oxygen			soil			nom conversion «event transitive»: by=agent into=place

Option 4

The consumption by plants of insects for nourishment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 consumption	det
2	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 plants	case
4	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consumption	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 insects	case
6	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 plants	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 nourishment	case
8	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume		plants of insects					for nourishment	nom consumption «act transitive»: by=agent for=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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