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Test 9 · ★ · Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters

A sea otter floats on its back cracking a sea urchin. Why is that good for the kelp forest?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: sea otter · What happens: float, crack, be · To what, where: back, sea urchin

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 46 «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A sea otter floats on its back cracking a sea urchin.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 otter	det
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 otter	compound
3	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 floats	nsubj
4	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 back	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 back	nmod:poss
7	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 floats	obl
8	cracking	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 floats	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 urchin	det
10	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 urchin	compound
11	urchin	urchin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cracking	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 floats	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	a sea otter			otter's back			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory
2	crack	gerund	a sea otter not said here	a sea urchin					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location urchin=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that good for the kelp forest?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 good	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 good	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 good	mark
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 forest	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 forest	det
7	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 forest	compound
8	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 good	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						for the kelp forest; good property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

The broken urchin shells sink and feed the kelp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 shells	det
2	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 urchin	amod
3	urchin	urchin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shells	compound
4	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sink	nsubj
5	sink	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 feed	cc
7	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sink	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 kelp	det
9	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 feed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	participle							vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	sink	present	the urchin shells						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	feed	present	the urchin shells not said here	the kelp					vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Recipient

Option 2

It is not, because otters eat lots of kelp too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 is	nsubj
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 is	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 eat	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 eat	mark
6	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	nsubj
7	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 is	parataxis
8	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 kelp	case
10	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lots	nmod
11	too	too	ADV	_	7 eat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not be	present	It						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	eat	present	otters	lots of kelp					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient

Option 3

Otters plant new kelp using their little stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 plant	nsubj
2	plant	plant	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 kelp	amod
4	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 plant	obj
5	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 plant	advcl
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 stones	nmod:poss
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stones	amod
8	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 using	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	plant	present	Otters	new kelp					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Patient
2	use	gerund	Otters not said here	Otters's little stones					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Fewer urchins means less kelp gets eaten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 urchins	amod
2	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 kelp	amod
5	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 eaten	nsubj:pass
6	gets	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 eaten	aux:pass
7	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 means	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Fewer urchins						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	eat	present · passive		less kelp					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/46-food-chains/t9/