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Test 6 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

«that's a wasp, swat it!» — but it hovers still in the air with one pair of wings. What is it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: that, wasp · What happens: be, swat, hover · To what, where: wasp, air · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «that's a wasp, swat it!» — but it hovers still in the air with one pair of wings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 wasp	punct
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 wasp	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wasp	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 wasp	det
5	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 swat	punct
7	swat	swat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 wasp	parataxis
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 swat	obj
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	7 swat	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 swat	punct
11	—	-	PUNCT	_	14 hovers	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 hovers	cc
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 hovers	nsubj
14	hovers	hover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wasp	parataxis
15	still	still	ADV	_	14 hovers	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 air	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 air	det
18	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hovers	obl
19	with	with	ADP	_	21 pair	case
20	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 pair	nummod
21	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hovers	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 wings	case
23	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 pair	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 wasp	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	that	a wasp					tree rules
2	swat in a quote	infinitive		wasp					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	hover	present	wasp			the air	still	with one pair of wings	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 What	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	wasp						tree rules

The options

Option 1

A baby bee that has not grown up yet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bee	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bee	compound
3	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 grown	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 grown	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 grown	advmod
7	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 bee	acl:relcl
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 grown	compound:prt
9	yet	yet	ADV	_	7 grown	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not grow up	present · perfect	a baby bee				yet		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Probably a harmless hoverfly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Probably	probably	ADV	_	4 hoverfly	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hoverfly	det
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hoverfly	amod
4	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

A bumblebee in disguise, waiting to sting you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bumblebee	det
2	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 disguise	case
4	disguise	disguise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bumblebee	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 waiting	punct
6	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bumblebee	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sting	mark
8	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 waiting	xcomp
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 sting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	gerund							tree rules
2	sting	to-infinitive		you					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer

Option 4

A wasp that has lost its sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wasp	det
2	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 lost	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 lost	aux
5	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 wasp	acl:relcl
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 sting	nmod:poss
7	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lost	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect · passive		a wasp					tree rules
2	sting		wasp						nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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