Exam question 3 · Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the seahorse.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, seahorse

This is exam question 3 of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 seahorse	det
11	seahorse	seahorse	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the seahorse		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus seahorse=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The female carries the eggs within her mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 female	det
2	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carries	nsubj
3	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eggs	det
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carries	obj
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 mouth	case
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mouth	nmod:poss
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carries	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	the female	the eggs				within female's mouth	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The female places her eggs in a pouch upon the male, who carries them until they hatch

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 places	det
2	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 places	compound
3	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 eggs	nmod:poss
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 places	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 pouch	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pouch	det
8	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 places	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 male	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 male	det
11	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pouch	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 carries	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 carries	nsubj
14	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 male	acl:relcl
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 carries	obj
16	until	until	SCONJ	_	18 hatch	mark
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 hatch	nsubj
18	hatch	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 carries	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	the male	eggs = egg					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
2	hatch	present	eggs = egg						vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Both parents carry the eggs alternately upon their backs until the young are able to swim

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 parents	det
2	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carry	nsubj
3	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eggs	det
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carry	obj
6	alternately	alternately	ADV	_	3 carry	advmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 backs	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 backs	nmod:poss
9	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carry	obl
10	until	until	SCONJ	_	14 able	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 young	det
12	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 able	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 able	cop
14	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 carry	advcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 swim	mark
16	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 able	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	carry	present	both parents	the eggs	upon parents's backs; alternately property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme
2	is	present	the young		able property	tree rules
3	swim	to-infinitive	the young not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The eggs are abandoned upon the sea floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 abandoned	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 abandoned	aux:pass
4	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 floor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 floor	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 floor	compound
8	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abandoned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abandon	present · passive		the eggs				upon the sea floor	vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: subject=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/49-babies/e3/