Test 10 · ★★★ · How animals talk

«dolphins don't have names, they're animals» What did studies show?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: dolphins, studies · What happens: not have, be, show · To what, where: names, animals

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 have	punct
2	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 have	advmod
5	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 animals	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 animals	nsubj
9	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 animals	cop
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 animals	punct
12	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 show	obj
13	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 show	aux
14	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 show	nsubj
15	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 animals	acl:relcl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	not have in a quote	present · do-support	dolphins	names	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient
2	is a in a quote	present	dolphins = dolphin	animals	tree rules
3	show	past · do-support	studies	animals	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Only captive dolphins have names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 dolphins	advmod
2	captive	captive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 dolphins	amod
3	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	captive dolphins	names					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Each bottlenose dolphin has a signature whistle, a bit like a name

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 dolphin	det
2	bottlenose	bottlenose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dolphin	compound
3	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 whistle	det
6	signature	signature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 whistle	compound
7	whistle	whistle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bit	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bit	det
10	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 whistle	appos
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 name	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 name	det
13	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	each bottlenose dolphin	a signature whistle					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whistle=Patient

Option 3

Dolphins use human names they hear on boats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 names	amod
4	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hear	nsubj
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hear	nsubj
6	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 use	advcl
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 boats	case
8	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hear	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Dolphins						vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	hear	present	human names			boats			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Right, dolphins cannot tell each other apart at all, they all sound alike

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	6 tell	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct
3	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tell	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 tell	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 tell	advmod
6	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	6 tell	obj
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 each	fixed
9	apart	apart	ADV	_	6 tell	advmod
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 tell	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 sound	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 sound	nsubj
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 sound	advmod
15	sound	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 tell	parataxis
16	alike	alike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 sound	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not tell speech: assert	can	dolphins	each		all		apart property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent each=Recipient
2	sound	present	dolphins = dolphin					alike property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/50-how-animals-talk/t10/