Test 7 · ★★★ · How animals talk

«whale songs are just random noises» What did scientists find?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: whale songs, scientists · What happens: be, find · To what, where: random noises

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 noises	punct
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 songs	compound
3	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 noises	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 noises	cop
5	just	just	ADV	_	7 noises	advmod
6	random	random	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 noises	amod
7	noises	noise	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 noises	punct
9	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 find	obj
10	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 find	aux
11	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 find	nsubj
12	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 noises	acl:relcl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 noises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	whale songs	random noises					tree rules
2	find	past · do-support	scientists	random noises					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Males in one region sing nearly the same song, and new songs spread

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sing	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 region	case
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 region	nummod
4	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Males	nmod
5	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	9 song	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 song	det
8	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 song	amod
9	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sing	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 spread	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 spread	cc
12	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 songs	amod
13	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 spread	nsubj
14	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	Males in one region	the same song					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
2	spread	present	new songs						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Whales copy the songs of ships

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 copy	nsubj
2	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 songs	det
4	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 copy	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 ships	case
6	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 songs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present	Whales	the songs of ships					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Theme
2	sing		ships						nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

Each whale sings a random noise every time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sings	nsubj
3	sings	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 noise	det
5	random	random	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 noise	amod
6	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sings	obj
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 time	det
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sings	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	each whale	a random noise			time		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location noise=Theme

Option 4

Only one whale in the whole world sings, and the rest just listen to it

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 whale	nummod
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sings	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 world	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 world	det
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 world	amod
7	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 whale	nmod
8	sings	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 listen	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 listen	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 rest	det
12	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 listen	nsubj
13	just	just	ADV	_	14 listen	advmod
14	listen	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 sings	parataxis
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 listen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	one whale in the whole world						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location
2	listen	infinitive	the rest		whale				vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/50-how-animals-talk/t7/