Test 11 · ★ · How animals hunt

Which is true about the praying mantis?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: be, pray

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	7 mantis	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mantis	det
6	praying	pray	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 mantis	amod
7	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about the praying mantis; true property	tree rules
2	pray	gerund							vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It has no front legs at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 legs	det
4	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 legs	amod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 legs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no front legs		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Option 2

It chases flies across the garden

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 chases	nsubj
2	chases	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chases	obj
4	across	across	ADP	_	6 garden	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 garden	det
6	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present	It	flies		the garden			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fly=Theme across garden=Trajectory

Option 3

It really prays before it eats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prays	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 prays	advmod
3	prays	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	before	before	SCONJ	_	6 eats	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 eats	nsubj
6	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prays	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	present	It						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	eat	present	it						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It can turn its head and look over its shoulder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 head	nmod:poss
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 look	cc
7	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 turn	conj
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 shoulder	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 shoulder	nmod:poss
10	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	can	It	its head					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme head=Result
2	look	infinitive						over head's shoulder	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/t11/