Test 1 · How animals defend themselves

in the cartoon the porcupine fires its quills like a machine gun. can they actually?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: porcupine · What happens: fire · To what, where: quills, cartoon

This is test 1 of lesson 53 «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	in	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fires	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 porcupine	det
5	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fires	nsubj
6	fires	fire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 quills	nmod:poss
8	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fires	obj
9	like	like	ADP	_	12 gun	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 gun	det
11	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 gun	compound
12	gun	gun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fires	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fires	punct
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 fires	advcl
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 can	nsubj
16	actually	actually	ADV	_	14 can	advmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 fires	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fire	present	the porcupine	porcupine's quills		the cartoon		like a machine gun	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent quill=Theme in cartoon=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, quills just come off easily when touched

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 quills	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 come	nsubj
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 come	advmod
5	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	5 come	compound:prt
7	easily	easily	ADV	_	5 come	advmod
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 touched	advmod
9	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 come	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come off	present	quills					easily property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
2	touch	participle	quills not said here						vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Yes, but only at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 night	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 night	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 night	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

No, porcupines have only soft fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 have	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 soft	advmod
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fur	amod
7	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	porcupines	soft fur					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient

Option 4

Yes, up to 10 metres, and they can aim them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	11 aim	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 metres	punct
3	up	up	ADV	_	6 metres	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 metres	case
5	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 metres	nummod
6	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Yes	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 aim	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 aim	cc
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 aim	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 aim	aux
11	aim	aim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 aim	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	aim	can	metres = metre	them = they					vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/t1/