Test 11 · How animals defend themselves

Why would digging fast be just as good as armour for an armadillo?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: dig, be

This is test 11 of lesson 53 «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 digging	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 digging	aux
3	digging	dig	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 good	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 good	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 good	advmod
7	as	as	ADV	_	8 good	advmod
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 digging	ccomp
9	as	as	ADP	_	10 armour	case
10	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 good	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 armadillo	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 armadillo	det
13	armadillo	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 digging	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 digging	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	would						for a armadillo	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for armadillo=Theme
2	is	infinitive						as armour; fast, good property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It can get its soft belly safely underground before an attacker comes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 get	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 get	aux
3	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 belly	nmod:poss
5	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 belly	amod
6	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 get	obj
7	safely	safely	ADV	_	8 underground	advmod
8	underground	underground	ADV	_	3 get	advmod
9	before	before	SCONJ	_	12 comes	mark
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 attacker	det
11	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 comes	nsubj
12	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 get	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	can	It	its soft belly				underground property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer belly=Stimulus
2	come	present	a attacker						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Armadillos dig to find more armour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dig	nsubj
2	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 find	mark
4	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 dig	advcl
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 armour	amod
6	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 find	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	present	Armadillos						vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	find	to-infinitive	Armadillos not said here	more armour					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Topic

Option 3

Digging makes its shell grow thicker and harder every time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Digging	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 shell	nmod:poss
4	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	xcomp
6	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 harder	cc
8	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 thicker	conj
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 time	det
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	dig	gerund					vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	present		its shell	time	thick property	tree rules
3	grow	present	its shell not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Predators are afraid of mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afraid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 afraid	cop
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 mud	case
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afraid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Predators					of mud; afraid property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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