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Test 6 · ★★ · Migration: the great journeys

A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been. How can that be?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: monarch, that · What happens: fly, have, not be, be

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 monarch	det
2	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flies	nsubj
3	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 forest	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 forest	det
6	Mexican	Mexican	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 forest	amod
7	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flies	obl
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 has	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 has	nsubj
10	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 forest	acl:relcl
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 been	advmod
12	been	be	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 has	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	a monarch					to a Mexican forest result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to forest=Result
2	have	present	monarch						vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not be	participle	monarch not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How can that be?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 be	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 be	aux
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 be	nsubj
4	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 be	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	can	can	that						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It follows the smell of chocolate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 follows	nsubj
2	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 smell	det
4	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 follows	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 chocolate	case
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 smell	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	It	the smell of chocolate					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Theme
2	smell		chocolate						nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The route is passed on by inheritance, not taught

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 route	det
2	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 passed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 passed	aux:pass
4	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	4 passed	compound:prt
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 inheritance	case
7	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 passed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 taught	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 taught	advmod
10	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 passed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass on	present · passive	inheritance	the route					vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	not teach speech: other	participle	inheritance not said here						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is the same butterfly that came last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 butterfly	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 butterfly	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 butterfly	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 butterfly	amod
5	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 came	nsubj
7	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 butterfly	acl:relcl
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 year	amod
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 came	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the same butterfly					tree rules
2	come	past	the same butterfly				year		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Its grandmother told it the way before she died

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 grandmother	nmod:poss
2	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 told	nsubj
3	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 told	obj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 told	obj
7	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 died	mark
8	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 died	nsubj
9	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 told	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past	Its grandmother	the way	it				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient way=Topic
2	die	past	grandmother						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/t6/