Test 9 · ★★ · Migration: the great journeys

How could a bird use the Sun as a compass when the Sun moves across the sky?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: bird, Sun · What happens: use, move · To what, where: Sun, sky

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 use	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 use	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bird	det
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 use	nsubj
5	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 use	obj
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 compass	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 compass	det
10	compass	compass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 use	obl
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 moves	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sun	det
13	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 moves	nsubj
14	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 use	advcl
15	across	across	ADP	_	17 sky	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sky	det
17	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 moves	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	could	a bird	the Sun				as a compass	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent sun=Duration as compass=Attribute
2	move	present	the Sun			the sky			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It flies only at noon, when the Sun is at the very top of the sky

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flies	nsubj
2	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 noon	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 noon	case
5	noon	noon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flies	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 top	punct
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 top	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Sun	det
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 top	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 top	cop
11	at	at	ADP	_	14 top	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 top	det
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 top	advmod
14	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 noon	appos
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 sky	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sky	det
17	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 top	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	It				noon		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the Sun			the top		of the sky	tree rules

Option 2

It waits for the Sun to stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 waits	nsubj
2	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	5 Sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 waits	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 stop	mark
7	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 waits	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	present	It					for the Sun	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	stop	to-infinitive							vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has an inner clock and knows where the Sun should be at each hour

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 clock	det
4	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 clock	amod
5	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 knows	cc
7	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	15 hour	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Sun	det
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 hour	nsubj
11	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 hour	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 hour	cop
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 hour	case
14	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	15 hour	det
15	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 knows	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	have	present	It	a inner clock		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient
2	know	present				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	should	the Sun		at each hour	tree rules

Option 4

It follows its own shadow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 follows	nsubj
2	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 shadow	nmod:poss
4	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shadow	amod
5	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 follows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	It	its own shadow					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme
2	shadow		its = it						nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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