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Test 2 · How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air

Van Helmont's willow gained about 74 kg in five years, but the soil lost only a few grams. Where did the weight come from?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: willow, soil, weight · What happens: gain, lose, come · To what, where: 74 kg, few grams

This is test 2 of lesson 56 «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Van Helmont's willow gained about 74 kg in five years, but the soil lost only a few grams.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Van	Van	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 willow	nmod:poss
2	Helmont	Helmont	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Van	flat
3	's	's	PART	_	1 Van	case
4	willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gained	nsubj
5	gained	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	about	about	ADV	_	7 74	advmod
7	74	74	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 kg	nummod
8	kg	kg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gained	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 years	case
10	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 years	nummod
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gained	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 lost	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 lost	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 soil	det
15	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 lost	nsubj
16	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 gained	conj
17	only	only	ADV	_	20 grams	advmod
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 grams	det
19	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 grams	amod
20	grams	gram	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 lost	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 gained	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gain	past	Van's willow	74 kg			year		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kg=Theme
2	lose	past	the soil	a few grams					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gram=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Where did the weight come from?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 come	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 come	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 weight	det
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 come	nsubj
5	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	5 come	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past · do-support	the weight						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Mostly from the air and the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mostly	mostly	ADV	_	4 air	advmod
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 air	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 air	det
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 water	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 air	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

From the pot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 pot	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 pot	det
3	pot	pot	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

From worms in the soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	2 worms	case
2	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 soil	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 soil	det
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 worms	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

From the soil, which grew back by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 soil	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 soil	det
3	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grew	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 grew	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 grew	nsubj
6	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	back	back	ADV	_	6 grew	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 itself	case
9	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow back	past				the soil		by soil	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from soil=Initial_State by itself=Extent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/56-how-plants-grow/t2/