Exam question 2 · Roots, stems and leaves

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon of transpiration?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: phenomenon

This is exam question 2 of lesson 57 «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 phenomenon	det
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 transpiration	case
12	transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 phenomenon	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the phenomenon of transpiration				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The production of oxygen within the roots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 production	det
2	production	production	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 oxygen	case
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 production	nmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 roots	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 roots	det
7	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 production	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce			oxygen				within the roots	nom production «act transitive»: of=patient within=obl

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The loss of water vapour through the stomata, drawing water upward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 loss	det
2	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 vapour	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	compound
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loss	nmod
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 stomata	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stomata	det
8	stomata	stomata	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 water	punct
10	drawing	draw	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 water	amod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loss	conj
12	upward	upward	ADV	_	11 water	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	gerund							vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The descent of sap from the leaves into the soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 descent	det
2	descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sap	case
4	sap	SAP	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descent	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 leaves	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 leaves	det
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sap	nmod
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 soil	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 soil	det
10	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descent	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend		sap from the leaves			the soil			nom descent «event intransitive»: of=agent into=place

Option 4

The absorption of rain directly through the bark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absorption	det
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rain	case
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod
5	directly	directly	ADV	_	8 bark	advmod
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 bark	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bark	det
8	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb			rain		the bark			nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient through=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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