Test 9 · The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world

«snow's freezing, how come lemmings live in it all winter» Which is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: come lemmings, snow · What happens: live, be, freeze · To what, where: freezing, best answer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 6 «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 freezing	punct
2	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 freezing	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 snow	case
4	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 answer	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 live	punct
6	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 live	advmod
7	come	come	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lemmings	amod
8	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 live	nsubj
9	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 freezing	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 live	obl
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 winter	det
13	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 live	obl:unmarked
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 freezing	punct
15	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 answer	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 answer	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 answer	det
18	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 answer	amod
19	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	19 answer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	live in a quote	present	come lemmings		freezing	winter	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location
2	be speech: assert	present		the best answer			tree rules
3	freeze in a quote		snow				nom freezing «process intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Lemmings cannot feel cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 feel	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 feel	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 feel	advmod
4	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 feel	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not feel	can	Lemmings					cold property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They sleep all winter in deep caves under the mountains, far from the snow

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 winter	det
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 caves	case
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 caves	amod
7	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
8	under	under	ADP	_	10 mountains	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mountains	det
10	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 far	punct
12	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 sleep	advmod
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 snow	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 snow	det
15	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 far	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They			deep caves	winter	under the mountains; far property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Snow traps air and works like a blanket, warmer than the wind above

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 traps	nsubj
2	traps	trap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 traps	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 works	cc
5	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 traps	conj
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 blanket	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 blanket	det
8	blanket	blanket	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 works	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 warmer	punct
10	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 traps	parataxis
11	than	than	ADP	_	13 wind	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 wind	det
13	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 warmer	obl
14	above	above	ADV	_	13 wind	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	present	Snow	air					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
2	work	present	Snow not said here					like a blanket	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They eat the snow to keep warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 snow	det
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eat	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 keep	mark
6	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 eat	advcl
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	They	the snow					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Patient
2	keep	to-infinitive	They not said here					warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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