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Test 12 · ★★ · Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad

Leeuwenhoek wrote about «little animals» in his tooth scrapings. Why did people not see them before?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leeuwenhoek, people · What happens: write, not see · To what, where: tooth scrapings, scrapings

This is test 12 · ★★ of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Leeuwenhoek wrote about «little animals» in his tooth scrapings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leeuwenhoek	Leeuwenhoek	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 wrote	nsubj
2	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADP	_	6 animals	case
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 animals	punct
5	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wrote	obl
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 animals	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 scrapings	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 scrapings	nmod:poss
10	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 scrapings	compound
11	scrapings	scraping	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wrote	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wrote	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past	Leeuwenhoek			Leeuwenhoek's tooth scrapings		about little animals	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about animal=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why did people not see them before?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 see	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 see	aux
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 see	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 see	advmod
5	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 see	obj
7	before	before	ADV	_	5 see	advmod
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	past · do-support	people	scrapings = scraping				before property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

The options

Option 1

Microbes did not exist before 1683

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Microbes	microbe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 exist	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 exist	advmod
4	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 1683	case
6	1683	1683	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 exist	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	past · do-support	Microbes			1683			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before 1683=Location

Option 2

People were not allowed to look at teeth before then

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 allowed	advmod
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 look	mark
6	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 teeth	case
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 look	obl
9	before	before	ADP	_	10 then	case
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	past · passive		People					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	look not said to happen	to-infinitive	People not said here					at teeth	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tooth=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Microbes only lived in Dutch mouths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Microbes	microbe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lived	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 lived	advmod
3	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 mouths	case
5	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mouths	amod
6	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	Microbes			Dutch mouths			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Nobody had lenses powerful enough to see microbes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lenses	lens	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
4	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lenses	amod
5	enough	enough	ADV	_	4 powerful	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 see	mark
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 had	advcl
8	microbes	microbe	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Nobody	lenses					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lens=Patient
2	see	to-infinitive	Nobody not said here	microbes					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer microbe=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/t12/