Test 7 · ★★ · Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad

A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle. What has probably happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend · What happens: sneeze, grab, happen · To what, where: hand, door handle

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sneezes	nsubj
3	sneezes	sneeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 hand	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 hand	nmod:poss
6	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sneezes	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 grabs	punct
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 grabs	advmod
9	grabs	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sneezes	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 handle	det
11	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 handle	compound
12	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 grabs	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sneezes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sneeze	present	a friend			friend's hand			vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	grab	present	a friend not said here	the door handle			then		vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handle=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What has probably happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 happened	aux
3	probably	probably	ADV	_	4 happened	advmod
4	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect						probably property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Cold viruses may now be on the handle for the next person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 viruses	amod
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 handle	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 handle	aux
4	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 handle	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 handle	cop
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 handle	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 handle	det
8	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 person	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 person	det
11	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 person	amod
12	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 handle	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	may	Cold viruses			the handle	now	for the next person	tree rules

Option 2

The viruses died as soon as they left his nose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 viruses	det
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 died	nsubj
3	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 soon	advmod
5	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 died	advmod
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	8 left	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 left	nsubj
8	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 died	advcl
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 nose	nmod:poss
10	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 left	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	past	the viruses					soon property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	leave	past	viruses = virus	his nose					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme

Option 3

Nothing, colds only spread through cold winter air, not on hands

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 colds	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spread	nsubj
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 spread	advmod
5	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	through	through	ADP	_	9 air	case
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 air	amod
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 air	compound
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spread	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hands	punct
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 hands	advmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	13 hands	case
13	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spread	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	present	Nothing colds			cold winter air		on hands	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location

Option 4

The handle has made the viruses stronger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 handle	det
2	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 viruses	det
6	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obj
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 viruses	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · perfect · passive		the handle					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary virus=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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