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Exam question 3 · Cells, bones and muscles

It is asserted that bone within the living body is a dry and inert material. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: bone, you · What happens: assert, be, select, establish · To what, where: It, dry material, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is asserted that bone within the living body is a dry and inert material.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asserted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	aux:pass
3	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	15 material	mark
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 material	nsubj
6	within	within	ADP	_	9 body	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
8	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 body	compound
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bone	nmod
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 material	cop
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 material	det
12	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 material	amod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 inert	cc
14	inert	inert	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 dry	conj
15	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asserted	advcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asserted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive		It					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is a	present	bone within the living body	a dry material					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The assertion is false; living bone is vascular and produces blood cells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 false	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 false	cop
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 vascular	punct
6	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 bone	amod
7	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 vascular	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 vascular	cop
9	vascular	vascular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 false	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 produces	cc
11	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 false	conj
12	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cells	compound
13	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 produces	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					false property	tree rules
2	live	gerund							vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	living bone					vascular property	tree rules
4	produce	present	the assertion not said here	blood cells					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Result

Option 2

The assertion is true after the age of ten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 age	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 age	det
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 ten	case
9	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion				after the age of ten	true property	tree rules

Option 3

The assertion is true of all bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 bones	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 bones	det
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of all bones; true property	tree rules

Option 4

The assertion is true of the bones of the leg only, those of the arm being living

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 bones	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bones	det
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 leg	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 leg	det
10	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bones	nmod
11	only	only	ADV	_	10 leg	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 living	punct
13	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	18 living	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 arm	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 arm	det
16	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 those	nmod
17	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 living	cop
18	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 true	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of the bones of the leg; true property	tree rules
2	is	gerund	those					living property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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