Exam question 3 · Digestion: the journey of a sandwich

It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: assert, swallow, persist, select, establish · To what, where: It, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asserted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	aux:pass
3	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 gum	mark
5	chewing	chewing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gum	compound
6	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asserted	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 swallowed	punct
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	9 swallowed	advmod
9	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 asserted	parataxis
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 persists	punct
11	persists	persist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 swallowed	conj
12	within	within	ADP	_	14 stomach	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 stomach	det
14	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 persists	obl
15	for	for	ADP	_	17 years	case
16	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 years	nummod
17	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 stomach	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asserted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive	It		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	swallow	participle		once property	vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	persist	present		within the stomach for seven years	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The assertion is false; gum is excreted within a few days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 false	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 false	cop
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 excreted	punct
6	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 excreted	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 excreted	aux:pass
8	excreted	excrete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 false	conj
9	within	within	ADP	_	12 days	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 days	det
11	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 days	amod
12	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 excreted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					false property	tree rules
2	excrete	present · passive		gum			day		tree rules

Option 2

The assertion is true of all varieties of gum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 varieties	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 varieties	det
7	varieties	variety	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 gum	case
9	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 varieties	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of all varieties of gum; true property	tree rules

Option 3

The assertion is true where the gum has not been chewed thoroughly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 chewed	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gum	det
7	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 chewed	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 chewed	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 chewed	advmod
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 chewed	aux:pass
11	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 true	parataxis
12	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV	_	11 chewed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					true property	tree rules
2	not chew	present · perfect · passive		the gum				thoroughly property	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The assertion is true of gum swallowed in childhood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 gum	case
6	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	obl
7	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 gum	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 childhood	case
9	childhood	childhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 swallowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					of gum; true property	tree rules
2	swallow	participle		gum not said here		childhood			vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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