Test 10 · ★★ · Digestion: the journey of a sandwich

Why do astronauts not need gravity to swallow their food?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: astronauts, gravity · What happens: not need, swallow · To what, where: gravity, food

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 need	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 need	aux
3	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 need	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 need	advmod
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 swallow	mark
8	swallow	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 need	xcomp
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 food	nmod:poss
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 swallow	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	astronauts	gravity					tree rules
2	swallow not said to happen	to-infinitive	gravity not said here	astronauts's food					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Space food floats into the stomach by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 food	compound
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 floats	nsubj
3	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 stomach	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 stomach	det
6	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 floats	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 itself	case
8	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 floats	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	Space food			the stomach		by food	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into stomach=Source by itself=Trajectory

Option 2

They always eat upside down so it all evens out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eat	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 eat	advmod
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obj
5	down	down	ADV	_	3 eat	advmod
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 evens	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 evens	nsubj
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 it	det
9	evens	even	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	advcl
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 evens	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat down	present	They	upside				always, down property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Patient
2	even out	present	upside						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

They drink all their food through tubes into the stomach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drink	nsubj
2	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 food	det:predet
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 food	nmod:poss
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drink	obj
6	through	through	ADP	_	7 tubes	case
7	tubes	tube	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drink	obl
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 stomach	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 stomach	det
10	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	They	their food		tubes		into the stomach	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Muscles in the food pipe push the food along by squeezing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 push	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 pipe	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pipe	det
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pipe	compound
5	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Muscles	nmod
6	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 food	det
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 push	obj
9	along	along	ADV	_	6 push	advmod
10	by	by	SCONJ	_	11 squeezing	mark
11	squeezing	squeeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 push	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Muscles in the food pipe	the food				along property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
2	squeeze	gerund	Muscles in the food pipe not said here						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/t10/