Test 6 · ★★★ · The brain and nerves

Why might a stubbed toe give a quick bump first and the real ache a moment later?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: stubbed toe · What happens: stub, give · To what, where: quick bump

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 68 «The brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 give	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 give	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 toe	det
4	stubbed	stub	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 toe	amod
5	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 give	nsubj
6	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bump	det
8	quick	quick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bump	amod
9	bump	bump	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 give	obj
10	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 give	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 ache	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ache	det
13	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ache	amod
14	ache	ache	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 give	conj
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 moment	det
16	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 later	obl:unmarked
17	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 give	advmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stub	participle							vn hurt-40.8.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
2	give	might	a stubbed toe	a quick bump				first, late property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Different nerve signals travel at different speeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 signals	amod
2	nerve	nerve	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 signals	compound
3	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 travel	nsubj
4	travel	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 speeds	case
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 speeds	amod
7	speeds	speed	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 travel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Different nerve signals			different speeds			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory

Option 2

The brain waits to decide if it cares

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 brain	det
2	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waits	nsubj
3	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 decide	mark
5	decide	decide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 waits	advcl
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 cares	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 cares	nsubj
8	cares	care	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 decide	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	wait	present	the brain	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	decide	to-infinitive	the brain not said here	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	care a condition, not said to happen	present	brain	vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

The toe sends two letters to the brain by post, one after the other

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 toe	det
2	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sends	nsubj
3	sends	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 letters	nummod
5	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sends	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 brain	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 brain	det
8	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sends	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 post	case
10	post	post	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sends	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 one	punct
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 post	appos
13	after	after	ADP	_	15 other	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 other	det
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	present	the toe	two letters		the brain		by post	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme to brain=Destination

Option 4

The ache has to go round the body twice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ache	det
2	ache	ache	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 go	mark
5	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 has	xcomp
6	round	round	ADP	_	8 body	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 body	det
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 go	obl
9	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	5 go	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the ache						tree rules
2	go	to-infinitive	the ache not said here			the body		twice property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round body=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/68-the-brain-and-nerves/t6/