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Test 9 · ★ · Senses: eyes and ears

An owl hunts mice in the dark by sound alone. Why are its two ears useful?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: owl, two ears · What happens: hunt, be · To what, where: mice, dark

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 69 «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An owl hunts mice in the dark by sound alone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 owl	det
2	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunts	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 dark	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dark	det
7	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 sound	case
9	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	obl
10	alone	alone	ADV	_	9 sound	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hunts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	a owl	mice		the dark		by sound	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme in dark=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why are its two ears useful?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 useful	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 useful	cop
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 ears	nmod:poss
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 ears	nummod
5	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 useful	nsubj
6	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 useful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	sound's two ears					useful property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

One ear is for day and one for night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 ear	nummod
2	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 day	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 day	cop
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 day	case
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 one	cc
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 day	conj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 night	case
9	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 day	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	One ear				for day; night		tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Each ear hears the sound a little differently, giving the direction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 ear	det
2	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hears	nsubj
3	hears	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sound	det
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hears	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 little	det
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hears	obl:unmarked
8	differently	differently	ADV	_	7 little	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 giving	punct
10	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 hears	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 direction	det
12	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 giving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	each ear	the sound				a little obl:unmarked	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus
2	give	gerund	each ear not said here	the direction					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Theme

Option 3

Two ears let the owl hear the colours of the mice in the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 ears	nummod
2	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 let	nsubj
3	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 owl	det
5	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 let	obj
6	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 let	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colours	det
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hear	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 mice	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 mice	det
11	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 colours	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 dark	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 dark	det
14	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hear	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	Two ears	the owl					tree rules
2	hear	infinitive	the owl not said here	the colours of the mice		the dark			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus

Option 4

Two ears keep its head balanced

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 ears	nummod
2	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	nsubj
3	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 head	nmod:poss
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keep	obj
6	balanced	balance	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Two ears	its head					tree rules
2	balance	participle	its head not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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