Test 7 · ★★ · Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth

«don't drink seawater, penguins'd die too» Which is right about penguins?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, penguins · What happens: not drink, die, be · To what, where: seawater · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 drink	punct
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 drink	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 drink	advmod
4	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drink	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 die	punct
7	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 die	nsubj
8	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 die	aux
9	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 drink	conj
10	too	too	ADV	_	9 die	advmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 die	punct
12	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 right	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 right	cop
14	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 drink	parataxis
15	about	about	ADP	_	16 penguins	case
16	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 right	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 drink	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not drink in a quote	imperative · do-support	you not said here	seawater		tree rules
2	die in a quote	would	penguins			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	is	present			about penguins; right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Penguins die if they swallow even a little seawater, so they keep their beaks shut

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 die	nsubj
2	die	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 swallow	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 swallow	nsubj
5	swallow	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 die	advcl
6	even	even	ADV	_	9 seawater	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 seawater	det
8	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 seawater	amod
9	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swallow	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 keep	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 keep	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 keep	nsubj
13	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 die	conj
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 beaks	nmod:poss
15	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 keep	obj
16	shut	shut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	die	present	Penguins		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	swallow a condition, not said to happen	present	Penguins = penguin	a little seawater	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seawater=Patient
3	keep	present	Penguins = penguin	Penguins's beaks	tree rules
4	shut	participle	Penguins's beaks not said here		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Penguins never drink at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drink	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 drink	advmod
3	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 drink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not drink	present	Penguins			all			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Penguins can drink seawater, because a gland removes the extra salt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drink	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 drink	aux
3	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drink	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 removes	punct
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 removes	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 gland	det
8	gland	gland	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 removes	nsubj
9	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drink	advcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 salt	det
11	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 salt	amod
12	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 removes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	can	Penguins	seawater					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seawater=Patient
2	remove	present	a gland	the extra salt					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

Option 4

Penguins only drink melted snow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drink	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 drink	advmod
3	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 snow	amod
5	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drink	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	Penguins	melted snow					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Patient
2	melt	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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