Exam question 2 · Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the observed variation in human stature over the course of a single day.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, observe · To what, where: response, observed variation, human stature
This is exam question 2 of lesson 71 «Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 response | det |
| 3 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Select | xcomp |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 facts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 facts | det |
| 7 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 facts | amod |
| 8 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 consistent | obl |
| 9 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 facts | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 variation | det |
| 11 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 variation | amod |
| 12 | variation | variation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 stature | case |
| 14 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 stature | amod |
| 15 | stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obl |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 course | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 course | det |
| 18 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stature | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 day | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 day | det |
| 21 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 day | amod |
| 22 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 course | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the response | consistent property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | |||
| 2 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | the established facts not said here | the observed variation | human stature over the course of a single day | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus variation=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | observe | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Stature is greater upon waking, owing to re-expansion of the spinal discs during rest
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 greater | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 greater | cop |
| 3 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 5 waking | mark |
| 5 | waking | wake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 greater | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 owing | punct |
| 7 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 waking | conj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 re-expansion | case |
| 9 | re-expansion | re-expansion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 owing | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 discs | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 discs | det |
| 12 | spinal | spinal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 discs | amod |
| 13 | discs | disc | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 re-expansion | nmod |
| 14 | during | during | ADP | _ | 15 rest | case |
| 15 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 owing | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Stature | great property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | wake | gerund | Stature not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | owe | gerund | Stature not said here | during rest | to re-expansion of the spinal discs goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to re-expansion=Goal |
Option 2
Stature is greater at midday, owing to the warmth of the sun
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 greater | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 greater | cop |
| 3 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 midday | case |
| 5 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 greater | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 owing | punct |
| 7 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 greater | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 warmth | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 warmth | det |
| 10 | warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 owing | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 sun | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sun | det |
| 13 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 warmth | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Stature | midday | great property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | owe | gerund | Stature not said here | to the warmth of the sun goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to warmth=Goal |
Option 3
Stature is invariable throughout the day and night
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 invariable | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 invariable | cop |
| 3 | invariable | invariable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 6 day | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 day | det |
| 6 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 invariable | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 night | cc |
| 8 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 day | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Stature | day | invariable property | tree rules |
Option 4
Stature is greater at bedtime, owing to the growth of the bones in the course of the day
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 greater | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 greater | cop |
| 3 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 bedtime | case |
| 5 | bedtime | bedtime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 greater | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 owing | punct |
| 7 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 greater | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 growth | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 growth | det |
| 10 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 owing | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 bones | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 bones | det |
| 13 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 growth | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 course | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 course | det |
| 16 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 owing | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 day | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 day | det |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 course | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Stature | bedtime | great property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | owe | gerund | Stature not said here | the course of the day | to the growth of the bones goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to growth=Goal | |||
| 3 | grow | the bones | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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