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Test 3 · Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise

In a cartoon, green germ monsters with faces jump off a door handle. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: green germ monsters · What happens: jump off, be · To what, where: door handle, cartoon

This is test 3 of lesson 72 «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, green germ monsters with faces jump off a door handle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 jump	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 monsters	amod
6	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 monsters	compound
7	monsters	monster	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 jump	nsubj
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 faces	case
9	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 monsters	nmod
10	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	off	off	ADP	_	14 handle	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 handle	det
13	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 handle	compound
14	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 jump	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 jump	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump off	present	green germ monsters with faces	a door handle		a cartoon			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent handle=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Real germs are far too small to see without a microscope

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 germs	amod
2	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 small	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 small	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 small	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 small	advmod
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 see	mark
8	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 small	advcl
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 microscope	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 microscope	det
11	microscope	microscope	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Real germs					far, small property	tree rules
2	see	to-infinitive	Real germs not said here					without a microscope	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

Germs are always harmful and must all be killed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harmful	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmful	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 harmful	advmod
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 killed	cc
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 killed	aux
7	all	all	ADV	_	9 killed	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 killed	aux:pass
9	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 harmful	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Germs					always, harmful property	tree rules
2	kill	must · passive	Germs not said here					all property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»

Option 3

Germs are green and about the size of an ant, so you can squash them

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 green	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 green	cop
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 size	cc
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 size	det
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 green	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 ant	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ant	det
10	ant	ant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 size	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 squash	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	15 squash	advmod
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 squash	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 squash	aux
15	squash	squash	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 green	parataxis
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 squash	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Germs					green property	tree rules
2	squash	can	you	Germs = germ					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4

Germs only live on door handles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 live	advmod
3	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 handles	case
5	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 handles	compound
6	handles	handle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Germs			door handles			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on handle=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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