Exam question 3 · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the relationship between humans and chimpanzees.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, relationship

This is exam question 3 of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 relationship	det
11	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	between	between	ADP	_	13 humans	case
13	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 chimpanzees	cc
15	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 humans	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the relationship	between humans and chimpanzees	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus relationship=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No relationship of descent exists between the two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 relationship	det
2	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exists	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 descent	case
4	descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 relationship	nmod
5	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	between	between	ADP	_	8 two	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 two	det
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 exists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	no relationship of descent			the two			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between two=Location

Option 2

Humans are directly descended from the chimpanzees of the present day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 descended	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 descended	aux:pass
3	directly	directly	ADV	_	4 descended	advmod
4	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 chimpanzees	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 chimpanzees	det
7	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 descended	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 day	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 day	det
10	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 day	amod
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chimpanzees	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present · passive		Humans		the chimpanzees of the present day		directly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The two share a common ancestor which lived some six to seven million years ago

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 two	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 share	nsubj
3	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ancestor	det
5	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ancestor	amod
6	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 share	obj
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lived	nsubj
8	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ancestor	acl:relcl
9	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	14 years	det
10	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 million	compound
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 seven	case
12	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 six	nmod
13	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lived	obl:unmarked
15	ago	ago	ADV	_	14 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present	the two	a common ancestor					tree rules
2	live	past	a common ancestor				year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Chimpanzees are directly descended from early humans living in Africa some million years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 descended	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 descended	aux:pass
3	directly	directly	ADV	_	4 descended	advmod
4	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 humans	case
6	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 humans	amod
7	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 descended	obl
8	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 humans	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Africa	case
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 living	obl
11	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	12 million	det
12	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 living	obl:unmarked
14	ago	ago	ADV	_	13 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present · passive		Chimpanzees				from early humans; directly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	live	gerund	early humans not said here			Africa	year		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/e3/