Test 3 · ★ · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener…

«if I do loads of push-ups my kids'll be born strong, right» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I · What happens: do, bear, be · To what, where: loads, kids

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 born	punct
2	if	if	SCONJ	_	4 do	mark
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 do	nsubj
4	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 born	advcl
5	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 do	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 ups	case
7	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ups	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 push	punct
9	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 loads	nmod
10	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 kids	nmod:poss
11	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 born	nsubj:pass
12	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 born	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 born	aux:pass
14	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 right	advcl
15	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 born	xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 right	punct
17	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 strong	conj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 born	punct
19	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 right	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 right	cop
21	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	21 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	I	loads of push ups		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Eventuality
2	bear in a quote	future · passive		my kids	strong property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, but only push-ups, not running

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 push	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 push	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 push	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 push	advmod
5	push	push	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 ups	punct
7	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 push	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 running	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 running	advmod
10	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 push	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	imperative	you not said here	ups					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent up=Theme
2	not run	gerund	you not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

No, children are always weaker than their parents, whatever they do

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 children	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 weaker	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 weaker	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 weaker	advmod
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 parents	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 parents	nmod:poss
9	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 weaker	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 whatever	punct
11	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 do	obj
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 do	nsubj
13	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 weaker	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	children					than children's parents; always, weak property	tree rules
2	do	present	children = child	whatever					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, muscles built in life do not change the genes you pass on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 muscles	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 change	nsubj
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 muscles	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 life	case
6	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 built	obl
7	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 change	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 change	advmod
9	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 genes	det
11	genes	gene	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 change	obj
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 pass	nsubj
13	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 genes	acl:relcl
14	on	on	ADP	_	13 pass	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	build	participle		muscles not said here	in life	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in life=Attribute
2	not change	present · do-support	muscles	the genes		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gene=Patient
3	pass on	present	you	the genes not said here		vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gene=Theme

Option 4

Yes, every bit of exercise you do is passed on to your children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	10 passed	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bit	det
4	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 passed	nsubj:pass
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 exercise	case
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bit	nmod
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 do	nsubj
8	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 exercise	acl:relcl
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 passed	aux:pass
10	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	on	on	ADP	_	10 passed	compound:prt
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 children	case
13	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 children	nmod:poss
14	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 passed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	you	exercise not said here					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exercise=Eventuality
2	pass on	present · passive		every bit of exercise	your children				vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to child=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t3/